I suspect the Kurds would have a few issues with that (As would the Armenians, if there were any left).
Also worth noting that 100 years ago, Turkey was part of the Ottoman Empire, which included places like Syria (and a lot more besides...even more if you go back a little further).
So the 'strong cultural continuity' is relatively new, and not completely stable....Or at least quite a way short of the Chinese example you use.