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You're trying to argue there was no peer review prior to the 20th century.
Are you legit telling me that Isaac Newtons July 5, 1687, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica was not peer reviewed (by other scientists testing his theories, and trying to falsify them, and writing papers about their critiques and results) till then?
https://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/did-isaac-newton-need-peer-review/
It wasn't as detailed as we have in the last 100 years (principally because peer review became a lot easier with modernity, the printing press, internet, established universities, research labs and facilities and so forth in the modern world) but peer review was happening.
Again, I dont want to diss the early blokes like Aristotle and so forth who contributed to the development of the scientific method, but to class pre modernity/ pre peer reviewed theories like Geocentrism or Heliocentrism or Acupuncture or Astrology as 'science' isn't accurate.
Heck, even much of contemporary 21st century psychology isn't technically science (much of it is pseudoscience, lacking falsifiability, but with scientific trappings like empiricism and peer review).
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